{"id":12524,"date":"2026-07-07T11:52:29","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T03:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/?p=12524"},"modified":"2026-07-07T11:52:29","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T03:52:29","slug":"tingkat-kepatuhan-indonesia-terhadap-bilateral-investment-treaty-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19-eleanor-mirna-massolo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/?p=12524","title":{"rendered":"Tingkat Kepatuhan Indonesia Terhadap Bilateral Investment Treaty Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Eleanor Mirna Massolo)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Data Portal Mahasiswa S1<\/h2>\n<p>Submitted by: <strong>Mirna Massolo, Eleanor<\/strong><br \/>\nOn: <strong>Jul 7, 2026 @ 11:52 AM<\/strong> <br \/>\nIP: <strong>36.85.36.83<\/strong> <\/p>\n<ul id=\"fm-summary\">\n<li id=\"fm-item-judul\">   1. Title [Judul]: <strong>Tingkat Kepatuhan Indonesia Terhadap Bilateral Investment Treaty Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19<\/strong><\/li>\n<li id=\"fm-item-pengarang\"> 2. Creator [Pengarang\/ penulis]: <strong>Eleanor Mirna Massolo<\/strong><\/li>\n<li id=\"fm-item-katakunci\"> 3. Subject [Subjek dan kata kunci]: <strong>Kepatuhan, Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), Indonesia, Singapura, Covid-19<\/strong><\/li>\n<li id=\"fm-item-abstrak\"> 4. Description [Abstrak] : <strong>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan Indonesia terhadap Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) dengan Singapura di masa pandemi Covid-19, dengan berfokus pada Chapter II Article 3 tentang Treatment of Investment. BIT Indonesia-Singapura yang ditandatangani tahun 2018 dan diratifikasi pada tahun 2021 ini penting untuk dikaji karena bersamaan dengan upaya pemulihan ekonomi nasional yang terdampak resesi akibat pandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data sekunder, serta menggunakan teori kepatuhan (compliance theory), khususnya indikator kepatuhan Ronald B. Mitchell (outputs, outcomes, impact) dan tiga metode pendorong kepatuhan dari Chayes &amp; Chayes (transparency, dispute settlement, capacity building). Hasil penelitian adalah Indonesia menunjukkan tingkat kepatuhan yang tinggi terhadap BIT, melalui ratifikasi Perpres No. 97 Tahun 2020, penerbitan UU Cipta Kerja No 11 Tahun 2020 dan Perpres No. 5 Tahun 2021, serta peluncuran sistem OSS-RBA. Kepatuhan Indonesia juga tercermin dari pemanfaatan klausul right to regulate, konsistensi dalam menjamin transfer of assets, efektivitas mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa, serta pemanfaatan klausul pengecualian government procurement secara sah tanpa melanggar kewajiban perjanjian. Tingginya kepatuhan Indonesia ini turut berdampak positif pada peningkatan realisasi investasi Singapura di Indonesia selama tahun 2021\u20132022 serta fakta bahwa tidak ada sengketa investasi terkait perjanjian ini yang tercatat di forum arbitrase internasional selama pandemi.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>  5. Publisher [Nama Lembaga Kontributor]: <strong>Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional<\/strong><\/li>\n<li id=\"fm-item-pembimbing\">  6. Contributor [Pembimbing, promotor, ilustrator, produser, dll.] : <strong>Dr. Sonny Sudiar, S.IP, MA<\/strong><\/li>\n<li id=\"fm-item-tanggal\"> 7. Date [Tanggal \/ tahun penciptaan atau penerbitan]: <strong>2026<\/strong><\/li>\n<li id=\"fm-item-type\">8. Type: <strong>Artikel<\/strong><\/li>\n<li id=\"fm-item-permalink\">  9. Identifier\/ permalink [URL menuju konten di lembaga kontributor]: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ejournal.hi.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/?p=6768\">https:\/\/ejournal.hi.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/?p=6768<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li id=\"fm-item-right\"> 10. Right [Contoh: CCL, MIT, Open Document, dll.]: <strong>eJournal article <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_12524\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"12524\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Data Portal Mahasiswa S1 Submitted by: Mirna Massolo, Eleanor On: Jul 7, 2026 @ 11:52 AM IP: 36.85.36.83 1. Title [Judul]: Tingkat Kepatuhan Indonesia Terhadap Bilateral Investment Treaty Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 2. Creator [Pengarang\/ penulis]: Eleanor Mirna Massolo 3. Subject [Subjek dan kata kunci]: Kepatuhan, Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), Indonesia, Singapura, Covid-19 4. Description [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_12524\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"12524\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-data-portal-mahasiswa-s1"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":5,"today_views":5},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12524"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12524\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portal.fisip-unmul.ac.id\/site\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}